LLINs have played an important role in the remarkable success in reducing malaria burden over the past decade. URC scales up cost-effective vector control interventions to reduce malaria transmission. This includes distribution of LLINs accompanied by social and behavior communication change (SBCC) activities to promote LLIN use.

Malaria programs should ensure early diagnosis and appropriate treatment (EDAT) of all clinical malaria cases in line with national treatment guidelines. This entails expanding access as well as availability and quality. Both the availability and quality of passive case detection and treatment by health facilities, community workers and private providers are improved through clinical and management (supply management, reporting) capacity building, supervision, and increased coordination with other sub-national providers.

SBCC plays a cross-cutting role to support malaria programming by focusing on evidence-based SBCC approaches to positively influence knowledge, attitudes, practices and social norms of both end beneficiaries and service providers. SBCC are designed to:

• Reach populations who are at risk of disease transmission (e.g. mobile populations),
• Facilitate identification of people with asymptomatic infections and link them to relevant services,
• Improve treatment seeking behavior and adherence to treatment,
• Inform communities of the optimal timing of malaria control interventions,
• Encourage preventive behaviour,
• Disseminate the information about availability of diagnostic, treatment and preventive services in the area.

Re-established malaria transmission is defined as the occurrence of three or more indigenous malaria cases of the same species per year in the same focus for three consecutive years (from WHO). A reliable malaria surveillance system, a comprehensive response and targeted prevention program must be in place until malaria is eradicated worldwide.

To receive the WHO certification of malaria elimination, nations must prove that local transmission of all human malaria parasites has been interrupted, resulting in zero incidences of indigenous cases for at least the past three consecutive years (from WHO). The Global Technical Strategy for malaria 2016-2030 (GTS) set the goal of having 10 countries eliminate malaria by 2020. According to a 2016 estimate by the WHO, 21 countries currently have the possibility of eliminating malaria. These nations were coined the eliminating countries for 2020 (E-2020).

Technological applications are essential to achieving malaria elimination objectives. Innovations in technology have aided and improved prevention, early diagnosis and treatment (EDAT), and surveillance aspects of malaria control and elimination programs. Some developments in mHealth improved data collection programmes to monitor malaria cases and increased monitoring of patient and treatment adherence. New progress in ICT systems advanced data harmonization, collection, and analytics strengthening malaria monitoring and surveillance programs. It helps real-time notification/reporting of malaria detected cases that leads to effective response intervention. New diagnostic technologies have improved accessibility, efficiency, and affordability in new case detection to enhance EDAT programmes. These approaches improved overall efficiency and accuracy in malaria case detection, provide medical results in real time, quicker identification of possible localized outbreaks, and improved access in hard to reach communities.